Misinformation and disinformation are types of fake news. Misinformation is different from disinformation. The difference lies in the intent. Misinformation is false information that is spread with or without the intent to mislead. For example, someone might share a photo or article on social media believing it to be true when it is not. They are "misinformed." Disinformation is propaganda. The information is deliberately manipulated, misleading and biased (Strauss 2018).
Strauss , Valerie. “Word of the Year: Misinformation. Here’s Why.” Washington Post , 10 Dec 2018, article via ProQuest
Sinan Aral describes the consequences of misinformation/disinformation and possible steps to take in order to control the spread of fake news.
Aral, Sinan. "How we can protect truth in the age of misinformation." TEDxCern, November 2018, www.ted.com/talks/sinanaral/protectingtruth
Deepfakes "use a form of artificial intelligence called deep learning to make images of fake events" (Sample 2020). Audio, images, and videos can all be deepfaked. The article below goes into detail about how deepfakes are made, technology that is needed and how to spot deepfakes.
The image below will take you to another article that describes how deepfake technology works and the dangers associated with it.
Porup, J.M. "How and why deepfake videos work — and what is at risk" CSO, 18 March 2021, https://www.csoonline.com/article/deepfake-videos-how-and-why-they-work
In this Ted Talk, Danielle Citron describes the issues with deepfake technology.
Citron, Danielle. "How deepfakes undermine truth and threaten democracy." TEDSummit 2019, 2019 July, www.ted.com/talks/danielle_citron_how_deepfakes_undermine_truth_and_threaten_democracy
Sample, Ian. "What are deepfakes and how can you spot them?" 13 January 2020, The Guardian, www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jan/13/what-are-deepfakes-and-how-can-you-spot-them
Carter, W. "Satire Standing Tall." Wikimedia Commons. 8 January 2015, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Satire_standing_tall.jpg
Satire is "chiefly literary and dramatic, in which human or individual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings are held up to censure by means of ridicule, derision, burlesque, irony, parody, caricature, or other methods, sometimes with an intent to inspire social reform" (Elliot 2019).
Everything from The Onion is satire.
Elliott, Robert C.. "Satire". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Feb. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/art/satire
